Which of the following does NOT form part of the five distinct parts of a formal message?

The five distinct parts of a formal message typically include components such as the address, preamble, body, reference, and closing. Each of these parts serves a specific function in conveying information clearly and effectively.

The body is crucial as it contains the main message or information being communicated. It addresses the purpose of the message directly and includes all relevant details that the recipient needs to understand the context. This is the central part of any formal message.

Other elements, such as the address, preamble, and reference, serve important roles but do not encapsulate the central content of the message as the body does. For instance, the preamble sets the stage for the communication, the address provides the recipient's information, and the reference may include additional context or citation. However, none of these components can substitute for the body, which is essential for understanding the core message being delivered.

Thus, the body is fundamental to the structure of formal messages, marking it as a key component rather than one that is extraneous or not part of the essential framework.